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Giant cell arteritis, long known by its more familiar name, temporal arteritis, is the most common vasculitis in adults over 50 and a true ophthalmic emergency. If untreated, it can result in permanent bilateral vision loss within days. Women are more often afffected than men, the the disease manifests differently between the sexes.

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting around one in 1,000 people in Europe. Its variability of symptoms and close association with Graves' disease, a separate thyroid disorder, can lead to considerable challenges in diagnosis. Earlier detection depends on strong collaboration between endocrinologists and ophthalmologists, as well as conversations that fully explore the impact of symptoms on patients' daily lives.

Two optical treatment modalities can slow pediatric myopia progression without the need for pharmacologic intervention, ie, spectacle lenses incorporating highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and orthokeratology (ortho-k) contact lenses. Both treatments are based on the same underlying theory that peripheral retinal defocus is a growth signal for axial elongation‚ but the treatments focus on different structures of the visual system, one through a manufactured spectacle lens surface (HAL) and the other through temporary corneal reshaping (ortho-k).